Claymation
Claymation can be both 3D or 2D. The 2D version uses the same principles as cut out however rather than many pieces being needed onle a few are as they can be manipulated. Claymation itself is the use of modelling clay, putty or other such materials to create figures, they are then manipulated frame by frame and captured using a rigged camera.Advantages
Claymation allows great control over models and much more flexibility than toymation generally, as models are not limited to set movements due to clay being moldable. As such they are also extremely good at showing fluid, realistic motion. Time taken to produce these are also normally shorter than that of dynamation or cut-out as you need less models and can less filming time.
Disadvantages
Claymation in terms of other stop motion animation methods is generally on par with little disadvantages, in comparison to dynamation particularly the main flaw is that claymation is not able to be integrated into real life filming, as such your unable to say use a clay model in a scene with human actors. In addition another disadvantage is the fact that small changes in factors such as camera position or lighting dramatically effect the consistency of the images.
Dynamation
Dynamation is a spin off of claymation, and as such is the same with the exception of how the images are taken. Dynamation allows claymation to be integrated into real life filming and in order to do this you need to first shoot the real life parts of the film. After doing this a special rigging needs to be set up so a screen displays the stills, the models are then positioned infront of this and manipulated before another camera takes a picture of them through a special glass window. This acts as a layering system and is like overlaying a picture ontop of another (like in photoshop).
Advantages
Dynamation is able to place models into real life filming, as such it gives a much broader use and allows more enhanced visual display and films to be created. In addition to this however the claymation advantages also apply.Disadvantages
Disadvantages to Dynamation are the same as claymation again all be it without the problem with integrating it into real film. Another point to note with this is that the more specialised rigging means a significant increase in cost, as well as the time taken to create the finished product.
Toymation
Toymation is the use of puppets, or models/toys rather than clay or paper in order to create animation. This method generally is the same as claymation with a change in materials.
Advantages
Toymation generally costs significantly less than that of other methods, this is due to needing less staff and other such specialists, such as modellers. In addition the models themselves are also far more durable than things such as clay. Toymation is also extremely good for start up companies or amateur film making as its very easy to aquire and use.Disadvantages
The main disadvantage to this method is the static positions models and such are in, they generally are much less flexible and versatile than that of clay, unless more expensive complex models are being used which significantly raises the cost.
Cut-out Animation
Cut-out animation is a 2D stop motion animation method. Characters are seperated into several pieces (generally limbs, body and facial features are all seperate from each other) allowing them to be 'built up', many different versions of each of these will then be created so that they may be interchanged to give the character a different pose. Frame by frame these are then changed in order to give the illusion of motion.
Advantages
Very simplistic and easy to do as well as being incredibly cheap and cost effective.
Disadvantages
Cut out animation is possibly the most time consuming of the stop motion methods. This is generally due to the sheer number of cut outs you need, of which they all but be the same scale, slight variations will dramatically affect consistency.
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